Desensitization: Overcoming the Immunologic Barriers to Transplantation

Desensitization: Overcoming the Immunologic Barriers to Transplantation

HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) sensitization is a significant barrier to successful kidney transplantation. It often translates into difficult crossmatch before transplant and increased risk of acute and chronic antibody mediated rejection after transplant. Over the last decade, several immunomodulatory therapies have emerged allowing for increased access to kidney transplantation for the immuno...

Overcoming immunologic barriers to discordant organ xenotransplantation

time, reduced ischemic injury) may counterbalance the poor HLA matching in the ULD group. Although the arguments against the use of living donors must be considered, long-term prospects for kidney donors is reassuring provided there is careful evaluation of potential donors and the strict criteria for exclusion are respected [2]. The benefit for the donor must also not be ignored. Our current p...

Overcoming the Barriers to Greater Public Engagement

The concept of public engagement (PE) in science has evolved steadily over the last thirty years. Early PE activities were often delivered didactically in a one-way flow of information, largely built on the belief that if only the public were told about science, then deficiencies in their understanding could be corrected, and support for scientific funding would improve [1]. Over time, PE has b...

Access to medicines - overcoming the barriers.

Overcoming the barriers to effective clinical supervision.

Clinical supervision remains one of the most misunderstood practices in modern nursing. It provides a nurturing and supportive service for nurses, helping them to reflect critically on their actions in the provision of patient care. The aim of this article is to explore and examine the current role and status of clinical supervision in the NHS.